Final answer:
Deductive reasoning is the process of moving from a general premise to a specific conclusion, essentially applying a general theory to a particular case to deduce a result.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of reasoning that moves from a general premise about a class to a conclusion about a particular member of the class is called deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning begins with a broad, general theory or premise and deduces specific conclusions from it. This contrast with inductive reasoning, which works in the opposite direction, collecting specific observations or details and arriving at a broader generalization or theory.
In hypothesis-based science, deductive reasoning is often used to predict specific results from a general premise, while inductive reasoning is used to form a general conclusion from a number of specific observations. These two types of reasoning can be used in tandem to advance scientific knowledge.