Final answer:
A number, phrase, or expression used to select records in a table is called a criterion. This term applies to data retrieval in databases where conditions are set to filter data.
Step-by-step explanation:
A number, phrase, or expression used to select records in a table is called b. a criterion. This term is often used in the context of databases and data retrieval. In database queries, criteria are used to define the conditions that data must meet to be selected. Here are a few examples:
a. The shortest path from start to finish is often referred to as the 'minimum path' or 'path of least resistance'.
b. A physical quantity with magnitude and direction is known as a vector.
c. The quantity defined as a change in velocity over a time period is acceleration.
d. The point from where you take measurements is referred to as the 'origin' or 'reference point'.
e. The distance covered in a time interval is known as 'displacement' if direction is considered, or simply 'distance' if it is not.
f. The velocity at a specific instant in time is termed 'instantaneous velocity'.