Final answer:
The hormone responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy by thickening the endometrial lining and ensuring a suitable environment for embryo implantation is progesterone. The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hormone that prepares the endometrial lining of the uterus for potential implantation and pregnancy is progesterone. This hormone is essential in maintaining pregnancy and preventing uterine contractility.
Prior to pregnancy, progesterone is produced by the ovaries to thicken the endometrial lining and promote a suitable environment for embryo implantation.
During the early stages of pregnancy, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone to stimulate the production of decidual cells, which nourish the embryo until the placenta develops and takes over hormone production as the main endocrine organ of pregnancy.
In addition to these vital roles, progesterone alongside estrogen inhibits the production of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH), ensuring that no new ovarian follicles develop.
In contrast, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) supports the survival of the corpus luteum and promotes progesterone synthesis, while estrogens are responsible for maintaining the pregnancy, promoting fetal viability, and stimulating tissue growth in both mother and fetus.
However, it is progesterone that is specifically responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy. The correct option is c.