Final answer:
Lithoautotrophs are a type of chemoautotroph that survive by oxidizing inorganic minerals, using these as an energy source for synthesizing organic compounds, even in the absence of sunlight. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lithoautotrophs are a type of chemoautotroph that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances, such as minerals. These organisms do not rely on sunlight or organic nutrients but instead utilize inorganic molecules as a source of energy.
Specifically, lithoautotrophs are known for utilizing substances like hydrogen sulfide, ferrous iron, and other minerals. Though not all chemoautotrophs are lithoautotrophs, all lithoautotrophs are categorized under the broader classification of chemoautotrophs.
For instances, in environments where sunlight is not available, such as deep-sea vents, lithoautotrophs play a crucial role in the local ecosystem by synthesizing organic compounds through chemosynthesis.
This process supports various forms of life that depend on the organic molecules produced by these autotrophs. Methane can also be an energy source for some chemoautotrophs, known as methanogens. Option B. is the correct one.