Final answer:
The statement is False. Microaerophiles need low levels of oxygen (1-10%) and cannot grow under completely anaerobic conditions as they rely on oxygen for growth, although at reduced levels compared to the norm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that a microaerophile requires small amounts of oxygen and can grow under anaerobic conditions is False. Microaerophiles do indeed need oxygen to grow, but at a lower concentration than the 21% typically found in the atmosphere, generally around 1-10%.
They have a range of oxygen concentrations within which they can grow, known as the minimum and maximum permissive oxygen concentrations. These organisms make ATP by aerobic respiration and may also ferment sugars aerobically, mostly if the oxygen levels are below their permissive threshold.
However, contrary to the initial statement, microaerophiles cannot grow under anaerobic conditions, as the lack of oxygen inhibits their growth and they do not solely rely on fermentation like obligate anaerobes or facultative anaerobes.