Final answer:
The correct answer is D. All of the Above. The Dual Alliance, British-Japanese alliance, and Germany balancing with Japan against Russia were all breakdowns in the balance-of-power relationship during the late 19th/early 20th century.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is D. All of the Above. Each of the options mentioned in the question represents a breakdown in the balance-of-power relationship during the late 19th/early 20th century.
- The Dual Alliance (France & Russia) in 1893 created an alliance to counter the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, which disrupted the balance of power.
- The British-Japanese alliance in 1902 was formed to counterbalance a potential Russo-Japanese alliance, which further shifted the balance of power.
- In the 1904 Russo-Japanese war, Germany balancing with Japan against Russia also contributed to the breakdown of the balance-of-power relationship.
All of these events, A, B, and C, disrupted the equilibrium of power between the major European nations and contributed to the tensions and conflicts that eventually led to World War I.