Final answer:
Organizational behavior focuses on how individuals and groups interact within an organization, impacting its effectiveness. Organizational culture affects employee behavior and job satisfaction, while industrial psychology targets job fit through various assessments, and human factors psychology seeks to improve workplace design for better efficiency and safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Organizational Behavior
Organizational behavior is a field that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structures have on behavior within organizations. The aim is to apply such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.
Organizational Culture
Organizational culture consists of the values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices that define an organization. This culture influences employee behavior, shaping how work is carried out and how employees interact. It can be a major determinant of job satisfaction and overall organization health. While a strong, cohesive culture can drive engagement and productivity, it can also have drawbacks, such as resistance to change and inclusion of new ideas.
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
In the realm of industrial psychology, the focus is on matching individuals to specific job roles. This includes conducting job analyses, administering applicant tests, and evaluating interview performance. The field also encompasses staff training and appraisal systems. Its limitations involve the potential for bias in hiring practices, which can be mitigated through the development of equitable and lawful employment methods. Organizational psychology studies workplace dynamics. It delves into job satisfaction, the effects of leadership styles on productivity, and the prevention of workplace harassment. These psychological practices can lead to better employee well-being and improved productivity.
Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design
Human factors psychology, also known as ergonomics, addresses the relationship between employees, the tools they use, and their work environments. It seeks to design workplaces that enhance safety and efficiency. However, one limitation is the need for continuous adaptation to technological change, which can be resource-intensive. When effectively implemented, ergonomic practices can significantly reduce job-related injuries and improve productivity.