Final answer:
Leading against accepted norms requires understanding psychological drives for acceptance, flexibility in adapting to societal values, and recognition of the societal structures influencing individual choices, as discussed by sociologist Ronald Glassman and evidenced by social shifts, such as those in some Scandinavian countries.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leading against accepted norms involves navigating complex social, psychological, and ethical challenges.
Leaders must remain flexible and attentive to both current and potential future values and needs of society.
Sociologist Ronald Glassman suggested that in times of existential despair or impending danger, people may seek a charismatic leader as a figure of guidance, reminiscent of a parental figure.
This indicates a psychological drive for acceptance and leadership amidst challenging conditions.
Meanwhile, leaders like the Hillary Nutcracker example demonstrate the social repercussions of deviating from norms, especially for female leaders.
Conformity is deeply ingrained, and choosing to stand out can come with risks. However, thoughtful risk-taking may be necessary for progress and for adapting to changing societal values.
For instance, the shift in Nordic countries towards valuing egalitarianism over conspicuous consumption is a testament to how societal values can evolve.
Robert Merton's strain theory explains how societal structures can influence an individual's choice to conform or deviate.
Access to socially acceptable goals plays a key role in determining the pathway a person may take, which includes navigating paths that are less conventional or accepted by society.