Final answer:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggests that human motivation is organized in a hierarchy from basic physiological needs to self-actualization and later self-transcendence. Needs at each level must be satisfied before moving to higher levels. Despite its impact, the theory has faced criticism and is one perspective amidst various motivational theories.
Step-by-step explanation:
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchical Theory of Needs
Abraham Maslow's theory posits that human behavior is motivated by a hierarchy of needs. At the base of Maslow's hierarchy are physiological needs necessary for survival, such as food and water. Once these are satisfied, we move on to safety and security needs, followed by social needs for love and belonging. The esteem needs come thereafter, driving our desire for self-worth and recognition. At the apex is self-actualization, which represents the fulfillment of our potential. Maslow's approach is part of humanistic psychology, seen as a 'third force' distinct from psychoanalysis and behaviorism. This theory acknowledges psychological growth and health rather than focusing solely on pathology. Maslow later introduced the concept of self-transcendence above self-actualization, which encompasses the pursuit of higher goals outside personal concerns.
Despite its influence, Maslow's framework has been subject to criticism for its subjective assumptions and lack of empirical validation in certain aspects. It is worth noting that motivation can be driven by various theories, including instincts, drive reduction, self-efficacy, and social motives. These theories elaborate on different aspects of what propels human behavior, ranging from biological impulses to learned behaviors and social interactions.