Final answer:
The factor that enables up-to-date hot site data is option c). synchronous replication.
Step-by-step explanation:
Synchronous replication facilitates up-to-date hot site data by writing data to primary and hot site storage systems concurrently.
This process ensures that data is written to both the primary and hot site storage systems at the same time, thus guaranteeing that the hot site has the most current data available in the event of a primary site failure.
Unlike asynchronous replication, which can experience a lag leading to potentially outdated data, synchronous replication maintains data currency and integrity for disaster recovery purposes.
With synchronous replication, data is written to the primary storage and the replica simultaneously. In contrast, with asynchronous replication, data is first written to primary storage and then to the replica.