Final answer:
Furosemide exerts its effects primarily on the ascending loop of Henle in the renal system. It inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, increasing urine production. Therefore, the correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the renal system where furosemide exerts its effects is the ascending loop of Henle. Furosemide is a type of diuretic commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension and edema that are associated with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This medication works by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle, resulting in increased urine production and decreased water conservation. The loop of Henle plays a crucial role in the concentration of urine and is located between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water, so the diuretic effect of furosemide primarily involves the inhibition of solute reabsorption, leading to a reduced ability for water to be reabsorbed in subsequent parts of the nephron such as the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.