Final answer:
Native American societies traditionally recognized more than two gender categories, including variant male and variant female identities. European colonization imposed binary gender norms that suppressed these traditional practices. However, the rise of the LGBTQ movement has led to a resurgence in recognition of these inclusive gender categories.
Step-by-step explanation:
Traditionally, many Native American societies recognized more than two gender categories within their communities. Among these societies, the recognition of variant male and variant female, such as the 'two-spirit' people among tribes like the Crow and the Navajo, indicated a more fluid understanding and acceptance of gender diversity. Gender roles and identities were culturally constructed, and many Native American societies had systems in place that acknowledged and integrated individuals who did not conform to a binary gender system.
The European colonization of North America brought significant changes to these traditional practices, imposing more rigid, binary gender norms. This resulted in the suppression of variant-gender practices and identities through various means, including assimilationist schools and social pressures to conform to European norms.
Over time, however, with the rise of the LGBTQ movement, there has been a resurgence and recognition of the traditional, more inclusive gender categories by many Native Americans seeking to reconnect with their cultural heritage.