Final answer:
IoT devices can connect to a local network using technologies such as Bluetooth for short-range connections and Wi-Fi for broader network access and greater range.
Therefore, the correct options are: a) bluetooth and d). wi-fi.
Step-by-step explanation:
IoT connectivity is the means by which an IoT device, which can be anything from a simple sensor in a factory to a self-driving vehicle and encompasses applications.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows data exchange over short distances using UHF radio waves in the ISM bands, centered around 2.4 GHz.
It is commonly used for connecting peripherals such as headphones and speakers to devices like smartphones and computers.
On the other hand, Wi-Fi is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards, providing internet access within a certain area. IoT devices often connect via Wi-Fi to utilize the broader network access and greater range it provides compared to Bluetooth.