Final answer:
Caleb's lack of concern about the effectiveness of condoms in preventing pregnancy demonstrates an external locus of control, which is a belief that outcomes are determined by external forces rather than personal actions. The correct option is (b).
Step-by-step explanation:
The dangers illustrated by Caleb's lack of condom use and misperception about its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy can be best described as consequences of having an external locus of control. This psychological concept is characterized by an individual's belief that events are determined by external factors beyond their personal control, such as fate, luck, or actions of others, rather than by their own actions.
An individual with an external locus of control may neglect the importance of personal responsibility and underestimate how much their own behaviors, such as using protection during sex, can influence outcomes, leading to risky behaviors and potential unintended consequences like pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections (STIs).