Final answer:
The student's question is about the shortcoming of relying on a certain cognitive bias. The correct answer is the availability heuristic, which is responsible for underestimating the number of nonfatal heart attacks. The correct answer is option d. The availability heuristic.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question is asking about the shortcoming of relying on a certain cognitive bias that leads people to underestimate the number of nonfatal heart attacks.
The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut wherein people evaluate new information based on the most recent or easily recalled examples. In the case of heart attacks, people tend to remember and focus more on the heart attacks resulting in death, which skews their perception of the actual prevalence of nonfatal heart attacks. Therefore, the availability heuristic is the cognitive bias responsible for underestimating the number of nonfatal heart attacks.