Final answer:
Devolution refers to the process by which power is transferred from a central government to local or regional authorities. It is a way for states to manage the demands of various ethnic or regional groups by giving them more autonomy and self-governance. The correct answer is d. move power from the central state to local levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Devolution is the process by which states move power from the central state to local levels. It allows for the creation of regional governments with specific responsibilities and authorities. Devolution can involve granting autonomy or self-governance to regions within a nation-state, often to accommodate the unique cultural or political demands of various ethnic or regional populations.
An example of this process in Europe is the devolution that has occurred within the United Kingdom, leading to the creation of regional governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Similarly, devolutionary pressures exist in Spain with the Basque region and in other areas of Europe.
The concept of devolution is related to federalism, which is the sharing of power between a central government and regional governing bodies, as seen in countries like the United States, Canada, and Germany.