Final answer:
The temperature of the liquid water and the remaining ice will be the same when in thermal equilibrium after 30 minutes, maintaining at 0°C as long as there is ice present.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you empty an ice tray into a bowl of water and they reach thermal equilibrium after 30 minutes, the temperature of the liquid water will be the same as that of the remaining ice. This is because the mixture undergoes a phase change, and during this process, the temperature remains constant at the freezing/melting point of water, which is 0°C, as long as there is ice present. Once all the ice has melted, if additional heat is applied, the water temperature will start to rise.
Incorporating Figure 10.26 and related examples, we see that during the melting process of ice, the temperature stays at 0°C. This is due to the energy being used to break the molecular bonds during the phase change rather than increasing the temperature. Similarly, when steam and ice are brought together, they reach a common temperature as they both convert to liquid water (thermal equilibrium), with the steam losing entropy and the ice gaining entropy.