The question addresses the normative claim by Josh Greene and John Mikhail regarding intuitive moral judgments in bystander scenarios. It explores the idea that moral faculty, much like other psychological faculties, influences these judgments through evolutionary heritage and cultural context. Utilitarianism, normative relativism, and prima facie duties are key concepts relevant to understanding these moral evaluations.
- The question seems to revolve around the normative claim by Josh Greene and John Mikhail that our intuitive moral judgments are significant.
- Although the complete question appears to be cut off, it suggests a discussion about whether Greene and Mikhail endorse a specific view of morality in response to bystander scenarios.
- Based on available literature, we know that discussions involving moral judgments, normative claims, and bystander effects are crucial for a deeper understanding of ethics and moral psychology.
- The research suggests that humans have a moral faculty akin to faculties for language and mathematics, which influences our moral judgments.
- This faculty has evolved over millions of years, shaping our intuition on what is right and wrong, and although this is influenced by local culture, it also has a universal, inherited component.
- In utilitarian thought, an action's morality is based on its consequences, aiming for the greatest happiness for the greatest number, which is often cited when assessing the morality of clinical trials and other actions within communities.
- Meanwhile, normative relativism points out that ethics and morality are seen as social constructs, where societal norms inform our actions, often independent of classic moral questions.
- Competing duties, such as in the scenario described by W. D. Ross, highlight the complexity of moral life and challenge the absolutes of utilitarianism or deontology.
- Such scenarios underscore the concept of prima facie duties, where multiple moral obligations must be weighed against each other.
- Ultimately, society enforces moral norms, to which we adhere to avoid community censure and to align with agreed-upon notions of right and wrong.