Final answer:
Organized crime groups have a more structured leadership arrangement compared to gangs and engage in a wide range of sophisticated criminal activities that often have transnational implications, requiring a coordinated international law enforcement effort. The choice of option is b. organized crime tends to have a more structured leadership arrangement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organized crime differentiates from gangs primarily based on the structure of their leadership and the complexity of their operations. While gangs can have a significant presence and impact, organized crime groups like the Chicago mafia, or the Sicilian Mafia, are known to have a more structured leadership arrangement, and their criminal activities often include a vast array of illegal endeavors such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and corruption at high levels.
During the Prohibition Era, for example, figures like Al Capone ran extensive criminal operations, earning enormous sums through illegal activities, such as bootlegging, which was a part of the broader scheme of organized crime. These organizations thrive on economic opportunities in illicit markets, often demonstrating a great degree of sophistication and a transnational reach.
Governments worldwide must engage in coordinated efforts to address the challenges presented by transnational organized crime, as these syndicates operate beyond the scope of individual national law enforcement agencies.