Final answer:
The term to describe societies with social norms supporting aggressive responses is (c). cultures of honor. In these cultures, aggression can be a response to perceived threats or disrespect, and is often linked to societal expectations of masculinity and honor.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase used to describe populations in which there are strong social norms that support aggressive responses is cultures of honor. In such cultures, aggression and violence are often seen as necessary for maintaining honor and social status, especially among men. Cultural scripts, social norms, and the process of socialization play significant roles in teaching individuals to behave aggressively in response to perceived disrespect or threats. These norms and values are deeply ingrained in society and passed down through generations, influencing perceptions of threats and appropriate responses.
Aggressive behavior is not only influenced by biology but is also a consequence of cultural pressures where such behavior can be viewed as an indicator of masculinity and strength. It aligns with existing gender norms and scripts that dictate how individuals should act based on societal expectations. Moreover, adherence to such norms reinforces in-group biases and can result in prejudice and discrimination against those who are considered part of out-groups or who challenge these gendered expectations.