Final answer:
Good governance requires systems to be effective, efficient, moral, and bias-free, aiming for a merit-based bureaucracy that prioritizes ability and accountability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The essential qualities for good government systems and sub-systems of governance, as implied by the narrative, are effectiveness, efficiency, morality, and bias-free operation. These qualities ensure that the bureaucracy functions in a way that serves the public interest, minimizes waste, and operates on a basis of fairness and ethical considerations. In contrast, qualities such as inefficiency, partiality, and immorality are detrimental to good governance and can lead to corruption, injustice, and poor service delivery. The merit-based system in bureaucracy aims to prioritize ability and accountability, thus maintaining an efficient and specialized government machinery, despite potential decreased responsiveness to elected officials.