Final answer:
Luke and Paul both were New Testament writers, endured hardship for the gospel, and knew early church leadership. However, Luke being a physician and Paul being highly educated and cultured are distinct to each. The correct option is option (d) and (e).
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which characteristics Luke had in common with Paul. Luke and Paul shared several commonalities in their contributions to Early Christianity.
Firstly, both Luke and Paul were New Testament writers. Luke is the attributed author of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, while Paul is known for his Epistles that were instrumental in spreading Christianity in the Greco-Roman world.
Secondly, both endured hardship for the sake of spreading the gospel. Paul's missionary journeys and subsequent imprisonments are well documented, while Luke is also traditionally understood to have faced persecution. Lastly, both were acquainted with key leadership in the early church, as evidenced by their involvement and influence in the burgeoning Christian communities. While Luke is traditionally thought to be a physician, and Paul was highly educated and cultured, those specific attributes are unique to each and not necessarily shared between them.