The correct answer is:c. require domain knowledge validation
Association finding techniques, such as association rule mining, are often used in data mining and analytics to discover interesting relationships or patterns in large datasets. Let's break down the options:
a. are unparalleled for hypothesis testing: Association finding techniques are not typically used for hypothesis testing. They are more focused on discovering interesting associations or patterns in data rather than testing specific hypotheses.
Association finding techniques often produce a large number of associations or patterns, especially when applied to large datasets. However, the challenge is to identify meaningful and relevant associations from the potentially vast set of results.
c. require domain knowledge validation: This statement is true. While association finding techniques can uncover interesting patterns, it's crucial to validate and interpret the results using domain knowledge. Not all discovered associations may be meaningful or actionable, and domain expertise is essential for filtering and understanding the relevance of the findings.
d. give clearly actionable results: Association finding techniques may identify patterns or associations, but the actionable nature of the results depends on the specific context and application. Some associations may be actionable, while others may be interesting but not immediately useful. The interpretation and actionability of the results often require additional analysis and context.
Therefore, the correct answer is:c. require domain knowledge validation