Final answer:
The property where nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons strongly induces LTP is called cooperativity. This is crucial for synaptic plasticity and learning, as it reinforces connections between neurons that are active at the same time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon where nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons produces long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas stimulation by just one produces it weakly, if at all, is known as cooperativity. This principle demonstrates that the synaptic strengthening and increased likelihood of a postsynaptic neuron firing is much more pronounced when there is concurrent excitation from multiple sources, as opposed to an isolated signal.
LTP is a process that underlies learning and memory and is significantly affected by the type of stimulation it receives. The property of cooperativity is essential for synaptic plasticity, as it ensures that stronger connections are made between neurons that are active together, thereby reinforcing the association between different neural activities.