Final answer:
A group of individuals who engage in violence or other illegal activities is known as a gang, especially when they engage in acts of serious physical violence or violate social norms and laws. The correct answer is option: b) gang.
Step-by-step explanation:
A group of people engaging in violence or illegal activities would be considered a gang. This term describes a group that may be involved in a range of criminal behaviors, such as serious physical violence or other antisocial acts. According to social disorganization theory, crime is more likely to occur in communities where there is a lack of strong social bonds and informal social controls.
Historically, bandits or people who engaged in illegal activities often relied on the support of local communities or came from marginalized groups, such as runaway slaves. Violent crimes, by definition, involve the use of force or threat of force, while the concept of collective behavior can refer to a range of activities, including those that are peaceful or those that may lead to deviance.