Final answer:
Flexible manufacturing practices such as just-in-time, mass customization, and simultaneous engineering are referred to as d.)process innovations. These practices involve improving and optimizing the production process to increase efficiency, reduce waste, and provide customized products.
Step-by-step explanation:
Flexible manufacturing practices such as just-in-time, mass customization, and simultaneous engineering are referred to as process innovations. These practices involve improving and optimizing the production process to increase efficiency, reduce waste, and provide customized products.
For example, just-in-time manufacturing aims to minimize inventory by producing goods only when they are needed, reducing storage costs and waste. Mass customization allows companies to produce customized products on a large scale, meeting individual customer preferences without sacrificing production efficiency. Simultaneous engineering involves concurrent product design and production planning to minimize development time and cost.