Final answer:
The leadership styles identified by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic and Michael Sanger are not all standard in sociological research, which typically recognizes Democratic, Laissez-faire, and Authoritarian styles. Leadership differences can also be gender-based, with interpersonal and transformational styles more prevalent among women, and task-oriented and transactional styles more common in men. Authoritarian leaders have communication that flows from the top down.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic and Michael Sanger, several dominant leadership styles impact decision-making, communication style, and potentially exhibit dark-side tendencies that can be influenced by geographical regions. However, the styles mentioned in the student's question (Opportunistic, Authoritative, Visionary, Diplomatic, Synchronized, Charismatic, Kiss up & kick down, Passive-aggressive, Straight Shooting) are not all standard classifications of leadership styles discussed in the context provided.
Instead, sociological research recognizes three core leadership styles commonly discussed in organizational studies: Democratic, Laissez-faire, and Authoritarian. Democratic leaders seek group consensus and encourage participation; laissez-faire leaders are hands-off and allow members to self-manage; and authoritarian leaders focus on directive methods and meeting goals.
Furthermore, according to Eagly and colleagues, differences in leadership style can also be observed along gender lines, with women more likely to exhibit an interpersonal or transformational leadership style, while men tend toward a task-oriented or transactional style.
Another leadership dichotomy identified in the literature is socialized charismatic leadership versus personalized leadership, with the former being egalitarian and the latter often being narcissistic and self-serving.
The communication pattern flowing from the top down is characteristic of an Authoritarian leadership style.