No work is done during a process in which the volume remains constant (isochoric process) because there is no displacement in the direction of the force applied.
The correct answer is option d. "No work is done during such a process."
Step-by-step explanation:
In thermodynamics, work done on or by a system is defined as the product of the force applied to the system and the displacement of the system in the direction of the force. Mathematically,
, where W is work, F is force, and d is displacement.
When the volume of a system remains constant, as in an isochoric process (constant volume process), there is no displacement of the system. In this case, the force applied (internal pressure) is acting perpendicular to the direction of displacement, making the work done
zero. The absence of displacement in the direction of the force means that the system does not undergo mechanical work during such a process.
Specifically addressing the other options:
a. Work requires not only the force from pressure acting over an area but also a displacement.
- True. Work involves both force and displacement.
b. Changing the pressure of a gas at constant volume does work.
- False. At constant volume, there is no displacement, so no work is done.
c. Work is done during such a process.
- False. As explained, in a constant volume process, there is no displacement, and thus no work is done.
e. Heating a gas at constant volume does work.
- False. In an isochoric process, the volume remains constant, and there is no mechanical work done.