Final answer:
Texans vote for their U.S. congressional representatives on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of even-numbered years. This includes both midterm and general elections, influencing the direction of federal policy and maintaining the democratic process. The correct answer is option 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
Texans, along with the rest of Americans, vote for their representatives in the United States Congress on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of all even-numbered years. This timing applies to both the House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate, as senators serve staggered six-year terms. The specific date for this election is determined by federal law, ensuring that it falls between the second and eighth of November, accommodating various historical considerations such as the end of the farming season and religious observances.
Midterm elections, which are also held on this day, occur halfway between presidential elections. During midterms, all members of the House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate are up for election. It's important for citizens to participate in these elections as they influence the composition of Congress and subsequently the legislative agenda.