Final answer:
Passive or passive-aggressive communication styles are typically linked to women socialized under feminine gender norms that emphasize subordination and nurturing. Different cultures have varying expectations for communication styles, which can influence whether aggression or passivity is adopted. Gender, culture, and power dynamics play a role in shaping these communication styles.Therefore the correct answer is used by women who have been socialized to embrace feminine gender norms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Passive or passive-aggressive communication styles are most likely used by women who have been socialized to embrace feminine gender norms. This communication approach stems from societal expectations that are rooted in cultural beliefs about gender roles. Women, often associated with attributes like subordination and nurturing, may adopt more indirect forms of communication to conform to these expectations. On the other hand, cultures that value self-expression over harmony and those with an individualistic tradition tend to foster more direct and assertive communication styles among both men and women.
Historical views of gender communication suggest that speech patterns and styles are closely linked to the way individuals are socialized based on their gender. For example, linguistic research has shown that patterns of speech correlated with gender are culturally relative and may differ significantly from one culture to another. In some cultures, gender norms around communication might even be reversed, with women expected to be more direct and men more indirect.
Understanding these communication dynamics is not just about gender, but it also involves recognizing the influence of cultural norms, socialization, and even power dynamics in conversations. These factors collectively contribute to the development of communication styles that may be deemed as passive or passive-aggressive, particularly within certain cultural or gendered contexts.