Final answer:
Community policing emphasizes building trust through community partnerships and problem solving, contrasting with Zero Tolerance Policing which rigidly addresses minor offenses. Effective tactics in reducing crime involve targeted efforts, technological aids like CCTV and body cameras, and community-focused initiatives. Overall, community policing seeks to blend crime reduction with functional community relationships. The correct option is b. community partnerships and problem solving.
Step-by-step explanation:
Community policing is a philosophy that emphasizes law enforcement building ties and trust with the communities they serve. It focuses on community partnerships and problem solving to maintain public safety and reduce crime. In contrast, Zero Tolerance Policing is a much more rigid approach that deals strictly with even minor offenses with the belief that it would discourage more serious crimes. This philosophy, of which the Stop and Frisk policy in New York City is an example, has been controversial due to claims of targeting and harassing communities of color, thus damaging trust between the community and the police.
Effective police tactics for reducing crime include targeted efforts such as intensive foot patrols in crime hotspots, which can reduce violent crime, and improvements like neighborhood watch programs and better street lighting to enhance safety. New technologies like Closed Circuit Televisions (CCTV) and body cameras on police officers can also play roles in crime reduction and preventing police misconduct.
However, community-oriented initiatives and addressing issues such as visual blight may improve neighborhood safety without the negative impacts on community relations seen with Zero Tolerance Policing.
Advocates of community policing argue that it not only reduces crime but also builds necessary trust between the police and communities, reflecting a balance of the responsive communitarianism approach that values both common good and individual autonomy.