Final answer:
The behavior described in the question best illustrates the consequences of a mental set. A mental set is a problem-solving strategy characterized by continually using an old solution to a problem without considering other alternatives. The correct answer is option: b) a mental set.
Step-by-step explanation:
The behavior best describes consequences is a mental set. A mental set generally refers to the brain's tendency to stick with the most familiar solution to a problem and stubbornly ignore alternatives. This tendency is likely driven by previous knowledge or is a temporary by-product of procedural learning.
In this case, Charlie's shortsightedness in trying to cheat rather than study indicates that he is stuck in a mental set of relying on cheating as his primary solution.
A mental set can hinder problem-solving because it limits creativity and prevents individuals from considering more effective strategies. Breaking out of a mental set often requires thinking beyond familiar patterns and exploring new approaches to problem-solving. In Charlie's case, if he were to overcome his mental set and invest the same time and effort into studying, he would have a better chance of performing well in an honest fashion.