Final answer:
Option (a). Intelligence is not listed by the DSM-5 as an area that needs to be affected by a personality disorder, which instead includes cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control.
Step-by-step explanation:
The DSM-5 outlines specific areas that are typically affected by a personality disorder. According to this manual, the areas include cognition (i.e., ways of perceiving and interpreting oneself, other people, and events), affectivity (i.e., the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response), interpersonal functioning, and impulse control. Intelligence is not listed as an area that must be affected for a diagnosis of a personality disorder.
It is important to note that while personality disorders can affect many areas of an individual's psychosocial functioning, intelligence, per se, is not a criterion for diagnosis.