Final answer:
The division of labor in the early U.S. agricultural economy was heavily influenced by factors of race, gender, and class, contributing to a stratified labor force and societal hierarchy. So, the correct options are a) race, b) gender and c) class.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factors Influencing Labor Division in Early U.S. Agricultural Economy
The early United States experienced agricultural economic growth that led to a division of labor influenced by several factors. These factors include race, gender, and class, each contributing to a stratified labor force. As agriculture expanded, so did the need for a varied workforce. The societal norms and physical attributes often designated gender roles, with men working the fields and women being relegated to domestic chores and food preparation. This division of labor allowed men more opportunities for societal leadership. Furthermore, class distinctions emerged with the ability to generate surplus wealth from farming, leading to higher social status and inherited wealth, further entrenching economic divides.
Race played a significant part in the labor division, particularly through the institution of slavery, which was integral to the Southern economy. The dependence on slave labor for crop production created a deep economic and social divide that would lead to the Civil War. The advent of industrial growth also played a role by driving rural populations towards urban industrial jobs, changing the labor landscape significantly. In summary, the division of labor in the agricultural economy of the early United States was significantly shaped by race, gender, and class. These factors encouraged a hierarchical structure in the workforce, leading to marked social stratification and setting the stage for future economic and social changes.