Final answer:
Enduring and predictable behavioral consistencies are referred to as personality traits, which are stable over time and characteristic of an individual. They are distinct from learned behaviors, which are subject to change with experience and environmental factors. The correct answer is option: c. personality traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The enduring and predictable behavioral consistencies that individuals demonstrate are often known as personality traits. These traits are reflected in long-standing patterns and modes of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are characteristic of an individual. Personality traits are relatively stable over time, and they differ from behaviors that may be learned and change in response to the environment.
While inherited characteristics such as temperament may have a genetic basis, personality traits can encompass a range of enduring characteristics including conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion. These traits are considered to make up one's personality and are not necessarily inherited, though they may be influenced by a combination of genetic, developmental, and environmental factors.
As for learned behaviors, they are influenced by the environment and can change depending on experiences and situations, contrasting with the stability associated with personality traits. In contrast, observable traits like phenotypes in Biology are the expressions of an organism's genes, and are not directly equivalent to personality traits.