Final answer:
The two basic bribery schemes identified in the question are economic extortion and illegal gratuity. Economic extortion involves demands for payment to prevent negative consequences, while illegal gratuity means giving something of value to reward a decision after it has been made.
"The correct option is approximately option C"
Step-by-step explanation:
The two basic bribery schemes are economic extortion and illegal gratuity. Answer c) economic extortion and illegal gratuity is the correct option. Economic extortion occurs when someone with control over a transaction or decision demands payments to prevent negative consequences or outcomes.
An illegal gratuity, on the other hand, involves giving something of value to reward a person for having made a decision that benefits the giver, in contrast with bribery, which aims to influence a decision before it is made.
For example, in a corporate setting, a supplier might engage in economic extortion by threatening to delay shipments unless they receive unofficial payments from the purchasing company. Alternatively, an employee who oversees contract awards may receive an after-the-fact illegal gratuity from the winning bidder as a 'thank you' for awarding the contract, which could lead to a conflict of interest and compromised decision-making.