Final answer:
Critical Sociology, Interpretive Research, and Survey are research methods used by scholars and researchers beyond the mainstream and narrative.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are several research methods used by scholars and researchers that go beyond the mainstream and narrative given:
- Critical Sociology: This approach involves deconstructing existing sociological research and theory, viewing them in terms of power dynamics and social inequalities.
- Interpretive Research: This method focuses on descriptive or narrative findings, exploring the topic through direct observation and interaction with subjects.
- Survey: This widely used method collects data from subjects through a series of questions, allowing individuals to express personal ideas.