Final answer:
Critical perspectives, such as critical race and gender theory, aim to analyze social inequality based on race, gender, and other intersecting identities. b)Constructivism, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of ideas, norms, and beliefs in shaping international relations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that is not considered a critical perspective in understanding international relations is b. Constructivism.
Critical perspectives, such as critical race and gender theory, aim to analyze social inequality based on race, gender, and other intersecting identities. They focus on the structural power imbalances that perpetuate inequality and advocate for social change. However, constructivism is a perspective that emphasizes the role of ideas, norms, and beliefs in shaping international relations, rather than explicitly addressing social inequality.