Final answer:
The ribosome movement during protein translation, where the tRNA shifts from A to P to E sites and the ribosome advances one codon, is called translocation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement of the ribosome that you are asking about is known as translocation. Translocation occurs during the elongation stage of protein translation.
As each peptide bond forms between adjacent amino acids, the ribosome moves along the mRNA by a distance of one codon. This is achieved with the help of elongation factors and the energy derived from GTP hydrolysis.
The tRNA that was originally in the A site shifts to the P site after forming a peptide bond, and the ribosome then moves, placing the tRNA that was in the P site into the E site for removal. The A site becomes vacant and ready for the next charged tRNA. This process is catalyzed by elongation factor-G, also known as translocase, and is a critical step in the synthesis of proteins.