Final answer:
The best description of the similarities among children who become friends is 'similar in age, gender, and similar behaviors and interests' due to the homophily concept. Shared behaviors and interests significantly strengthen these relationships. The correct answer is option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cluster of factors that best describes the similarities among children who become friends would be similar in age, gender, and similar behaviors and interests. When children share the same age and gender, there is a natural inclination towards forming initial connections, but it's the similar behaviors and interests that further solidify these friendships.
Children enjoy sharing and engaging in activities and hobbies they find mutually captivating, which nurtures the bond and aids the evolution of friendships. This phenomenon aligns with the concept of homophily, where individuals tend to form social networks with others who are like them, not just in demographic aspects but also in behaviors, attitudes, and choices.
The significance of peer groups in socialization is observed early on when children learn social norms and continue as they grow into teenagers. Peer groups based on similar interests and activities are particularly relevant in facilitating friendships among school-aged children and adolescents, as these are the years when individuals typically select friends based on shared hobbies and commonalities in behaviors. The tendency for homophily, however, can limit exposure to diverse perspectives and life experiences.
To summarize the sociological perspective, while similarity in age and gender are initial factors in the formation of friendships among children, it is the shared behaviors and interests that truly define and strengthen these relationships.