Final answer:
The type of music where chords function in relation to each other with consonance and dissonance, creating tension and release, is known as tonal music. This is a central concept in Western classical music and influences other genres including jazz, and is also used to evoke emotions in film music.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of music in which each chord has a function and relates to each other in terms of consonance and dissonance is typically referred to as tonal music. In tonal music, chords and melodies are created with the expectation that they will resolve or lead to other specific chords, creating a sense of tension and release throughout a piece. This is a fundamental aspect of Western classical music, though it can be found in other music styles as well. Elements like the symphony, concerto, sonata, opera, and ballet are expressions of classical music where these principles of harmony and chord progression play significant roles. Similarly, jazz also employs these concepts, but with variations in style and performance that distinguish it from classical music.
When experiencing a film with a gripping scene, the underlying music can heighten the emotional response, using the principles of tonal music to evoke feelings. For instance, as in the scenario where a mournful melody in a minor key combined with dissonant chords can send a sense of fear or anticipation. This is an example of how music composers utilize the language of tonal harmony to complement the narrative of a movie.
In this context, music instruments classified as aerophones, chordophones, membranophones, and idiophones can all contribute to the creation of tonal music, each bringing their unique timbres and sounds that interact harmonically within a composition.