Final answer:
Evidences for evolution include the fossil record, homologous structures, molecular evidence, vestigial organs, variety in dogs through artificial selection, and marsupial radiation. Not supported by evolution are concepts like a young Earth, humans evolving from modern chimps directly, and inheritance of acquired characteristics. The correct answer is option e), f), g), h) and j).
Step-by-step explanation:
Evidences that evolution has occurred include several key observations:
- The fossil record showcases a progression of evolution and exhibits different organisms from the past compared to present, showing changes over time.
- The presence of homologous structures in various species, implying a common ancestor and subsequent evolutionary changes in different species.
- Molecular evidence, such as all organisms sharing the same four DNA nucleotides (A, T, G, C), highlighting a common biochemical basis.
- The existence of vestigial organs, which are redundant or no longer serve their original purpose, indicating historical changes in species' ancestors.
- The observed variety in dogs due to artificial selection, demonstrating the principles of selection and heredity within a shorter timescale.
- Marsupial radiation is evidence of species diversification and adaptive radiation in response to environmental niches.
Contrary to evidence of evolution are concepts such as a relatively young Earth (less than 10 thousand years), lack of homology among organisms, humans evolving directly from modern-day chimpanzees, or the belief that adaptations acquired during life are passed on to offspring—these do not support evolutionary theory based on scientific findings.