Final answer:
Feedback is the receiver's response to a message sent by the sender, and it plays a critical role in the communication process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The receiver's response to a message that is sent to the sender is called feedback. Feedback is essential in the communication process as it allows the sender to understand whether the message was received correctly, whether it achieved its intended effect, and how it was interpreted by the receiver.
In a broader context, such as attempting to receive and interpret messages from an alien species, the challenges include determining how the message is encoded in the signal and contemplating the possibility that alien communication might take forms beyond our expectations, complicating the deciphering process. Additionally, in biological systems, integration refers to how stimuli are processed by the nervous system, leading to a specific response.