Final answer:
The type of ethical relativism that claims ethical validity and rightness for whatever a particular culture holds is called 'normative ethical relativism.' The correct answer is option A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term ethical relativism encompasses various theories that recognize the possibility of moral diversity across different cultures and societies. Normative ethical relativism, in particular, states that moral rightness and wrongness vary from culture to culture, with no universal moral standards that are applicable to all human beings at all times. According to this theory, each culture's prevalent moral viewpoints are deemed correct within that specific cultural context.
Descriptive ethical relativism is more empirical, merely acknowledging the observable fact that moral beliefs vary across cultures. This is frequently evidenced by anthropological studies.
The question refers to a type of ethical relativism that claims ethical validity and rightness for whatever the culture holds. The correct answer would be 'normative ethical relativism,' as it prescribes that the moral framework of each culture is inherently valid, without any overarching universal moral principles.