Final answer:
Flow cytometry is the technique that can analyze multiple parameters at the same time within a microbial sample, utilizing fluorescently labeled antibodies to quantify and sort specific cell populations. Therefore correct option is D
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to analyze multiple parameters within a microbial sample can be effectively performed using flow cytometry. This technology uses fluorescently labeled antibodies (fluorescent mAbs) against cell-membrane proteins to quantify specific subsets of cells in complex mixtures. Additionally, when coupled with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), flow cytometry can physically separate cells into populations based on their fluorescence intensity, resulting in highly purified subpopulations for research purposes.
In the context of microorganisms, flow cytometry enables the identification and analysis of cells based on their ability to bind to specific fluorescent mAbs that recognize surface proteins, thus facilitating a thorough analysis of the sample. It also allows for simultaneous analysis of different parameters, which is vital in studies like monitoring levels of CD4 T cells in HIV-infected patients or in differentiating cancerous cells from healthy cells.