Final answer:
A firm with substantial operations outside its parent country is known as a Multinational Corporation (MNC), which plays a crucial role in the global economy and can influence political decisions.
Step-by-step explanation:
A firm with a large portion of its business outside of its parent country is referred to as a Multinational Corporation (MNC). These corporations operate in various countries and have become integral to the global economy and the GDPs of the nations where they operate. MNCs like Ford Motor Company, which is a conglomerate producing various products globally, exercise significant control over their production and service channels across national borders. Characteristics of multinational corporations are that they collect a large share of their capital from a variety of different nations, they conduct their business without regard to national borders, and they concentrate wealth in the hands of core nations.
The answer to the student's question is c. A Multinational Corporation is the type of firm that has a significant portion of its operations and business in countries other than where its headquarters are located. Such corporations have been significant non-state actors in international politics and can influence not only markets but also political decisions within the countries they operate.