The winds, is not directly powered by the sun. While solar energy influences atmospheric dynamics, wind is primarily driven by the Earth's rotation and geographical factors, making it distinct. So the option B is correct.
Option B, the winds, is not directly powered by the sun. Although solar energy plays a crucial role in initiating atmospheric circulation, the process of wind generation involves more factors than just solar radiation. The sun heats the Earth's surface unevenly, causing variations in temperature and pressure. As warm air rises and cold air sinks, a pressure gradient is established, leading to the movement of air masses. The Earth's rotation, known as the Coriolis effect, further influences wind patterns. Therefore, while the sun's energy initiates the atmospheric dynamics, wind is a complex system influenced by Earth's rotation and geography.
On the other hand, options A, C, and D are directly powered by the sun. The water cycle (option A) involves the sun's energy evaporating water from the Earth's surface, forming clouds, and eventually leading to precipitation. Geothermal energy (option C) indirectly relies on the sun's heat, as it originates from the Earth's internal heat, a remnant from the planet's formation and radioactive decay, which is partly powered by the sun's energy. Biomass production (option D) relies on photosynthesis, a process driven by sunlight, where plants convert solar energy into chemical energy. Therefore, option B, the winds, stands out as the choice not directly powered by the sun.