Final answer:
The correct answer is option b. The change in attitude toward favoring a national health care plan after hospitalization is due to 'b. direct contact' with the shortcomings of a private health insurance system. This reveals issues like moral hazard and adverse selection within the U.S health care system, which can be mitigated by greater government involvement such as the Affordable Care Act.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario described by the student indicates a change in attitude due to direct experiences with the U.S. health care system. The attitudinal shift from favoring a private insurance plan provided by an employer to supporting a national health care plan can be attributed to direct contact. This interaction with the health care system reveals the problems within private health insurance, such as the presence of moral hazard, where individuals may partake in riskier behaviors knowing they're insured, or adverse selection, which is when insurance is primarily purchased by those with higher health risks.
The United States is unique in its reliance on private firms for health insurance, and problems such as moral hazard and adverse selection can be addressed through increased government involvement. Initiatives like The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act aim to reduce the number of uninsured citizens by mandating insurance purchase and preventing denial based on preexisting conditions. Despite attempts to mitigate these issues, millions remain uninsured, prompting discussions on the effectiveness of a public healthcare system versus private insurance options.
Ultimately, the individual in the scenario has adopted a new perspective due to 'b. direct contact' with a system that often leaves people disillusioned due to its complexities and potential lack of coverage during critical times of need.