Question

Because all mathematicians follow the same rules in performing calculations, the results of a randomized experiment are not influenced by human bias or error, assuming no mathematical errors have been made. STUDENT EXPECTATIONS

1. You must state your stance on the discussion prompt in an essay that uses correct grammar and syntax.
2. Your submission will need to show a clear understanding of the discussion prompt.
3. Your stance on the discussion prompt should be presented in a well-developed short essay (10-20 sentences).
4. You must include at least one supporting argument for your stance that shows evidence of understanding.
5. Your argument must cite or use evidence or examples to support your stance in essay format.

Answer 1

While mathematicians follow strict rules to avoid errors in calculations, this principle cannot fully eliminate human bias from influencing randomized experiments in psychology. Experimental design relies heavily on random assignment and strict protocols to reduce potential biases and ensure valid results. Reporting research through peer-reviewed journals fosters a community of scrutiny and development, though vigilance against lurking variables is essential.

Step-by-step explanation:

While it is true that mathematicians adhere to set rules when performing calculations, applying this concept to randomized experiments overlooks the broader scientific principle that human bias and error can manifest in various ways beyond mathematic calculations. Experimental design in fields like psychology involves complex dynamics where human factors like expectancy or experimenter bias have the potential to influence outcomes, despite rigorous protocols designed to mitigate these risks. In any randomized experiment, especially within behavioral sciences, there must be a robust method to control variables and ensure that the results are attributable solely to the independent variable, as stated in the prompt.

Notably, the role of random selection and random assignment in experimental design serves to balance groups and reduce the possibility of bias. This process creates a level playing field such that any observed differences in outcomes can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable. For example, in a study comparing effects of violent and nonviolent TV programs on behavior, random assignment is critical to assert that the independent variable (type of TV program) is the cause of any observed behavior change.

In reporting research findings, adhering to strict guidelines, such as those provided by the APA, ensures clarity and uniformity, enabling peers to scrutinize and build upon the work. All these measures combined aim to strengthen the validity and reliability of research findings, providing a more accurate representation of causal relationships. However, it is vital to acknowledge that experimenters must remain vigilant against potential lurking variables that could provide alternative explanations for observed effects, as demonstrated by analyzing gender differences in SAT scores and other aspects explored in the prompt.