Final answer:
Urea synthesis starts in the mitochondria (M) and finishes in the cytosol (C), glycolysis occurs exclusively in the cytosol (C), gluconeogenesis mainly takes place in the cytosol (C), and the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria's matrix (M).
Step-by-step explanation:
The cellular compartments where the following metabolic pathways take place are:
a. Urea synthesis: Begins in the Matrix (mitochondria) for the first two steps and continues in the Cytosol for the remaining steps.
b. Glycolysis: Occurs in the Cytosol.
c. Gluconeogenesis (majority): Takes place primarily in the Cytosol with some steps occurring in the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum.
d. Citric acid cycle: Happens in the Matrix of the mitochondria.
The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea and involves different compartments in the cell for its steps. Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose to pyruvate in the cytosol. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, predominantly occurring in the cytosol. The Citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, is a process that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.